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Cake day: July 2nd, 2023

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  • Unless you live in an area that has native small wild cats, then feral or pet house cats are an invasive species that destroy small mammal and bird populations. And if you live in an area where small wild cats are native, then it’s probably best to not let house cats compete with them and reduce the wild population. There’s really no ecological argument to allow house cats to roam in any environment.




  • It’s not the pharmacies that set the prices. At least, not really. The pharmacy pays near the listed “cash-price” for the drug from the wholesaler, who buys from the manufacturer, so the pharmacy can’t really afford to charge much less than they do for many drugs.

    And the price the patient sees after insurance is decided based on the insurance or pharmacy benefit manager who deals with prescription benefits for the insurance.

    Pharmacies are also contractually prevented from charging less to a cash-paying patient than what they charge to the insurance companies, so you start getting weirdness with coupon cards to work around that.






  • SSRIs and SNRIs aren’t necessarily alpha blockers (although some similar drugs like mirtazipine (Remeron) have some action there).

    SSRIs get their name because they are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, meaning the prevent reuptake of serotonin at the neuron junction, and that increases action of serotonin in that junction. And that is what causes the anti-anxiety or anti-depressive effects. SNRIs do the same thing, but with both serotonin and norepinephrine.

    Many drugs have effects at other receptors (like histamine) that may cause adverse effects like sleepiness.

    Beta blockers block the action of adrenaline/epinephrine at beta-adrenergic receptors, primarily found on the heart (beta-1) or lungs (beta-2). Beta blockers are primarily used in heart failure, heart arrhythmias, hypertension, and performance anxiety.

    Alpha blocker also block adrenaline, but primarily in the vascular system (alpha-1). Alpha blockers are often used for enlarged prostate, hypertension, and some uses related to anxiety or PTSD.

    Certain alpha and beta blockers can get into the brain and may have effects in anxiety have other effects like fatigue or weight gain.


  • Beta blockers work on the adrenergic system, not the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is used to transport immune cells as well as fluid that has absorbed into the intercellular space from the circulatory system.

    But yeah, they essentially block the function of adrenaline/epinephrine on the heart primarily, slowing heart rate and potentially helping with anxiety through action in the central nervous system.