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Cake day: November 17th, 2025

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  • Europe produces excellent research and is a world leader in many scientific areas, including in technology, but has historically struggled to scale startups. The former is definitely something Europe can be proud of, the latter has to change.

    Regarding LLMs, the EU may have a key strength for future development if and when it maintains its regulations regarding data protection and privacy. I thing that neither the U.S. nor China will be a trusted source in the foreseeable future.

    As the French Nobel economist Philippe Aghion says, "I believe there will be a demand for a more ethical AI, an AI that avoids some dangers … “People want to be protected. To have some regulations will make us [Europeans] even more attractive.”

    Edit: I found an interview from late last year with Olivier Debeugny, the CEO of French start-up Dragon LLM.

    In brief, he argues Europe should build its own AI architecture, not rent American capability indefinitely. He draws an analogy to Airbus: Airbus succeeded because European governments decided sovereign aerospace capability was worth building collectively, Debeugny argues. Europe should apply the same logic to generative AI. The argument is that dependency on foreign labs is a structural liability, not just a cost line.











  • Netanyahu’s policies are popular in Israel, so are Ben Givir’s.

    According to a political poll conducted in Israel on July 12, 2026,

    Benjamin Netanyahu’s Likud party would have won 24 of the Knesset’s 120 seats if an election had been held that day. That was down four seats from a similar poll in March, when Likud was projected to win 28 seats. [In the parliamentary election of November 2022, Likud won 32 seatst.]

    As of March 2025,

    a majority of Israelis held an unfavorable opinion of their Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu. A year prior, Netanyahu’s approval rating slumped to 41 percent, the lowest in over a decade. 58 percent of Israeli adults did not approve of him at that time. This represented a significant loss of support since the politician’s peak popularity in 2015. Since the start of the Israel-Hamas war on October 7, 2023, the Prime Minister has faced a growing disapproval and was losing ground in the polls.

    My personal experience with the Near East is very limited, I just know a handful of migrants living in Europe of either Palestinian or Israeli origin (one of them is half-Palestinian, half-Jew). Literally all of them reject Netanyahu, Ben-Gvir, and most other government officials in Israel and the wider region, but they are friends with people of the other ethnicity.

    All they want is a normal life for themselves and the people in the region, they say.



  • Within the space of a year, more than 288,000 German citizens have moved abroad. This is confirmed by data from Germany’s Federal Statistical Office (source in German) (Destatis).

    This is more or less in line with the long-term trend as per the linked source. Net migration for German nationals has been negative in the higher 5-digits for several years, while there are more non-Germans entering the country, resulting in a positive net migration.

    Edit: We can measure ‘brain drain’ by several standards as we know. One is the Human Flight and Brain Drain Index (HFBDI) that measures the economic impact of “human capital flight”, commonly referred to as “brain drain,” within a country. The index ranges from 0 to 10, where a higher score indicates a greater degree of human capital flight.

    The HFBDI shows relatively low scores for higher developed countries, and high scores for countries in the Global South. Germany has a score of 1.6, more or less like all of Europe, North America, and Australia and New Zealand,

    The HFBDI average for 2024 based on 175 countries was 4.98 index points. The highest value was in Samoa: 10 index points and the lowest value was in Australia: 0.3 index points.

    The world’s two largest countries, India and China, show relative higher brain drains according to this metric with scores of 4.8 and 3.3, respectively.













  • the argument could be made that by giving them publicity you are (indirectly) funding them.

    I don’t think money or funding has anything to do with this (and the money comes from the Russian state - or the Russian tax payer - anyway).

    Furthermore, according to the court ruling, the content from the sanctioned platforms is prohibited

    including in the context of a non-remunerated activity or in the operation of a website financed by voluntary contributions from third parties.

    As the ruling says,

    only that interpretation makes it possible … to prevent the broadcasting of the propaganda put in place by the Russian Federation and, consequently, to protect public order and security in the European Union.

    Emphasis mine.

    This isn’t about funding or anything related to money.




  • That’s not my understanding. The ruling finds that

    profit motives are irrelevant to determining who is an ‘operator,’ the court confirms that these sanctions also apply to individuals running websites that disseminate prohibited content …

    and

    … refers to any natural or legal person directly or indirectly responsible for making available or transmitting that content to the public.

    I am not a legal expert, so please correct me if I am mistaken, but I understand that if you are a private individual posting something on your private social media account, the ruling does not apply to you.

    However, if you run a platform to disseminate content - such as a blog on a website, a small non-profit radio station, or the like - then the law does apply.

    [Edit typo.]


  • In a related report from end of June, France uncovered a network of fake news sites managed by Chinese state media

    … Viginum, France’s national agency for countering foreign digital interference, [at the Chinese propaganda network’s] centre is not loud propaganda, but an entire network of news portals that look like ordinary media outlets and focus mainly on how successful, innovative and essential to the world China supposedly is.

    According to Viginum, the network consisted of 13 websites operated by China’s state broadcaster CGTN, or China Global Television Network. The portals published articles in English, French, Spanish and Vietnamese, presenting themselves as independent media outlets. In reality, they were part of a coordinated influence operation, which French authorities named Fawn Mianju.

    This is not a story about isolated fake news. It is a story about how propaganda is increasingly being made to look like real journalism.

    While Russian propaganda is often dominated by conflict, threat perception and confrontation, China’s goal is to build a positive image of itself. Freedom House describes this as a long-term strategy aimed at “telling China’s story well”. At its core is the image of China as a successful, trustworthy and indispensable partner.

    Although the investigators conclude that Beijing’s malign activities weren’t successful in that case, the report shows how China’s state media tries is using AI trying to control the narrative by literally faking news sites that look like independent media.

    There is no need for loud voices, militant slogans or obvious fake news. A website that resembles an ordinary news portal is enough. An article about China’s green transition or technological success is enough. And so is artificial intelligence that can adapt the same message for dozens of different target audiences within minutes.

    The question is no longer only whether a news story is true or false. The question is who is telling stories about the world, what kinds of stories are being told, and whether the reader even notices that the “news” in front of them was not produced in an independent newsroom, but far away in Beijing …

    The entire report makes a very informative read.


  • In a related report from end of June, France uncovered a network of fake news sites managed by Chinese state media

    … Viginum, France’s national agency for countering foreign digital interference, [at the Chinese propaganda network’s] centre is not loud propaganda, but an entire network of news portals that look like ordinary media outlets and focus mainly on how successful, innovative and essential to the world China supposedly is.

    According to Viginum, the network consisted of 13 websites operated by China’s state broadcaster CGTN, or China Global Television Network. The portals published articles in English, French, Spanish and Vietnamese, presenting themselves as independent media outlets. In reality, they were part of a coordinated influence operation, which French authorities named Fawn Mianju.

    This is not a story about isolated fake news. It is a story about how propaganda is increasingly being made to look like real journalism.

    While Russian propaganda is often dominated by conflict, threat perception and confrontation, China’s goal is to build a positive image of itself. Freedom House describes this as a long-term strategy aimed at “telling China’s story well”. At its core is the image of China as a successful, trustworthy and indispensable partner.

    Although the investigators conclude that Beijing’s malign activities weren’t successful in that case, the report shows how China’s state media tries is using AI trying to control the narrative by literally faking news sites that look like independent media.

    There is no need for loud voices, militant slogans or obvious fake news. A website that resembles an ordinary news portal is enough. An article about China’s green transition or technological success is enough. And so is artificial intelligence that can adapt the same message for dozens of different target audiences within minutes.

    The question is no longer only whether a news story is true or false. The question is who is telling stories about the world, what kinds of stories are being told, and whether the reader even notices that the “news” in front of them was not produced in an independent newsroom, but far away in Beijing …

    The entire report makes a very informative read.